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var D = {“flashcards”:[{“front”:”What does ALARA stand for?”,”back”:”As Low As Reasonably Achievable — minimising radiation exposure.”},{“front”:”Which view is preferred for interproximal caries screening?”,”back”:”Bitewing radiograph.”},{“front”:”Which view is preferred for periapical pathology?”,”back”:”Periapical radiograph.”},{“front”:”Approximately what percentage of bone density loss is needed before radiographic bone loss is visible?”,”back”:”Roughly 30-40 percent.”},{“front”:”What is horizontal bone loss pattern?”,”back”:”Relatively even reduction in crestal height across adjacent teeth.”},{“front”:”What is vertical/angular bone loss pattern?”,”back”:”Localised angular defect at one or two surfaces, often more aggressive.”},{“front”:”Name three descriptive fields for an unexpected radiolucency.”,”back”:”Location, borders, internal structure (plus effect on surrounding structures).”},{“front”:”What determines bitewing recall interval?”,”back”:”Individual caries and periodontal risk, not a fixed universal schedule.”},{“front”:”What causes an elongated radiographic image?”,”back”:”Insufficient vertical angulation of the beam.”},{“front”:”What causes a cone cut error?”,”back”:”Beam misalignment with the sensor/film, cutting off part of the image.”}],”quiz”:[{“q”:”ALARA principle means:”,”options”:[“Maximum exposure for clarity”,”As low as reasonably achievable radiation dose”,”Always take full-mouth series”,”Avoid all radiographs”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”ALARA minimises unnecessary exposure.”},{“q”:”Bitewing radiographs are best suited for:”,”options”:[“Periapical pathology”,”Interproximal caries and crestal bone monitoring”,”Root morphology only”,”TMJ assessment”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Bitewings capture crowns and crestal bone well.”},{“q”:”Radiographic bone loss becomes visible after approximately:”,”options”:[“5-10% density loss”,”30-40% density loss”,”90% density loss”,”It’s visible immediately”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Roughly 30-40% loss is needed for visibility.”},{“q”:”Horizontal bone loss is best described as:”,”options”:[“Localised angular defect”,”Even reduction across adjacent teeth”,”Always vertical”,”Never seen radiographically”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Horizontal loss is generalised and even.”},{“q”:”A vertical/angular defect often signals:”,”options”:[“Normal ageing only”,”A more localised, potentially aggressive process”,”No clinical significance”,”Enamel hypoplasia”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Angular defects can indicate localised aggressive disease.”},{“q”:”Radiographic prescription should be based on:”,”options”:[“A fixed schedule for all patients”,”Individual caries/periodontal risk”,”Insurance requirements only”,”Random selection”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Risk-based prescription is the standard of care.”},{“q”:”An elongated image results from:”,”options”:[“Excessive vertical angulation”,”Insufficient vertical angulation”,”Overexposure”,”Underexposure”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Too little vertical angulation elongates the image.”},{“q”:”Which structure is a normal anatomical landmark, not pathology?”,”options”:[“Mental foramen”,”Periapical abscess”,”Carious lesion”,”Furcation involvement”],”answer”:0,”exp”:”The mental foramen is a normal landmark that can mimic pathology.”},{“q”:”A well-defined, stable, long-present radiolucency with a clear benign cause is:”,”options”:[“Managed with observation appropriate to its known cause”,”Always biopsied immediately”,”Ignored entirely”,”Never radiographed again”],”answer”:0,”exp”:”Known benign, stable lesions may be observed appropriately.”},{“q”:”Diffuse, poorly defined borders on a radiolucency:”,”options”:[“Are reassuring”,”Raise concern warranting referral”,”Are irrelevant”,”Confirm caries only”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Diffuse borders raise concern for more serious pathology.”},{“q”:”The primary reason for thyroid/lead-equivalent protection is:”,”options”:[“Comfort only”,”Reducing radiation exposure to sensitive tissue”,”Improving image quality”,”Required only for children”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Protection reduces exposure to sensitive tissues.”},{“q”:”A caries lesion extending into inner dentin near the pulp typically requires:”,”options”:[“No treatment”,”More urgent restorative attention”,”Only fluoride”,”Extraction always”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Deeper lesions need more urgent restorative care.”},{“q”:”Digital sensors compared to older film generally:”,”options”:[“Increase radiation dose”,”Reduce radiation dose”,”Have no effect on dose”,”Are never used”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Digital sensors typically allow lower doses.”},{“q”:”A patient with low caries risk and no periodontal disease might have bitewings taken:”,”options”:[“Every 6 months always”,”Every 24-36 months”,”Never”,”Weekly”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Low-risk patients can have longer intervals.”},{“q”:”Cone cut appears on an image as:”,”options”:[“A blurred image”,”A clear cut-off unexposed area”,”Overexposure”,”Elongation”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Cone cut shows an unexposed clipped area.”},{“q”:”Lamina dura refers to:”,”options”:[“A pathological finding”,”The radiopaque line bordering the tooth socket”,”A caries lesion”,”A soft tissue structure”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Lamina dura is a normal anatomical structure.”},{“q”:”The best approach to an unexpected radiolucency is to:”,”options”:[“Assign a diagnosis immediately from appearance”,”Describe it structurally and compare against a differential”,”Ignore it if asymptomatic”,”Treat it as caries automatically”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”A structured differential approach is correct.”},{“q”:”Full-mouth periapical series combined with bitewings offers:”,”options”:[“The lowest radiation dose option”,”The most complete diagnostic picture at higher dose”,”No diagnostic value”,”Only cosmetic value”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”It’s the most complete but higher-dose option.”},{“q”:”Overlapped contacts on a bitewing typically result from:”,”options”:[“Correct horizontal angulation”,”Incorrect horizontal angulation”,”Overexposure”,”Cone cut”],”answer”:1,”exp”:”Horizontal angulation errors cause overlap.”},{“q”:”The maxillary sinus floor may sometimes be mistaken for:”,”options”:[“A radiolucent pathology near posterior root apices”,”A caries lesion”,”A furcation defect”,”Calculus”],”answer”:0,”exp”:”The sinus floor is a normal structure sometimes misread as pathology.”}]};
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