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A) Propofol

B) Suxamethonium

C) Neostigmine

D) Morphine

A) 1 mg/kg IV

B) 2.5 mg/kg IV

C) 5 mg/kg IV

D) 10 mg/kg IV

A) Increase the inspired oxygen fraction to 1.0 and administer phenylephrine

B) Flood the surgical field with saline, compress the jugular veins, and aspirate the central venous catheter

C) Administer adrenaline 1 mg IV and begin chest compressions

D) Turn the patient prone and apply positive end-expiratory pressure

A) Amiodarone 300 mg IV bolus

B) Intralipid 20% 1.5 mL/kg IV bolus

C) Sodium bicarbonate 8.4% 50 mL IV

D) Cardioversion at 200 J

A) Attempt a third laryngoscopy with a different blade

B) Insert an oesophageal-tracheal Combitube

C) Declare CICO and perform emergency front-of-neck airway via scalpel cricothyroidotomy

D) Administer sugammadex and allow the patient to wake up

A) Hypotension with a heart rate below 50 bpm

B) Urticaria with bronchospasm and persistent tachycardia despite fluid resuscitation

C) Transient loss of consciousness with rapid spontaneous recovery

D) ST-segment depression on the intraoperative ECG

A) Immediately at the onset of the reaction (time zero)

B) At 1–2 hours after the onset of the reaction

C) At 6 hours after the reaction

D) At 24–48 hours after the reaction as the sole confirmatory sample

A) Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity from spinal absorption

B) Pulmonary embolism

C) Total spinal block with sympathectomy and phrenic nerve paralysis

D) Aortocaval compression causing supine hypotensive syndrome

A) Pulse oximetry

B) Capnography (end-tidal CO₂)

C) Precordial Doppler ultrasound

D) Invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring

A) Bronchospasm; administer salbutamol via nebuliser

B) Laryngospasm; apply jaw thrust and continuous positive airway pressure with 100% oxygen

C) Foreign body aspiration; perform Heimlich manoeuvre

D) Pneumothorax; perform needle thoracocentesis at the second intercostal space

A) Rocuronium 1.2 mg/kg IV

B) Suxamethonium 1–1.5 mg/kg IV

C) Propofol 1 mg/kg IV to deepen anaesthesia

D) Atropine 0.6 mg IV to reduce secretions

A) Intralipid 20%

B) Adrenaline in small doses (10–100 micrograms)

C) Lignocaine as an antiarrhythmic

D) Sodium bicarbonate to correct acidosis

A) Endobronchial intubation causing single-lung ventilation

B) Tension pneumothorax on the operative side

C) Massive haemothorax

D) Pulmonary embolism

A) The sternothyroid muscle, because accidental incision causes major vascular injury

B) The inferior border of the thyroid cartilage, because the membrane lies immediately caudal to it and must not be confused with the thyrohyoid membrane above

C) The cricoid cartilage superiorly, as the membrane lies above it and the cricoid provides the inferior landmark

D) The sternohyoid muscle, because it overlies the membrane and must be split to gain access

A) Processed EEG monitoring (e.g. Bispectral Index, BIS)

B) End-tidal agent concentration monitoring with a minimum alveolar concentration target above 0.7

C) Neuromuscular blockade monitoring (train-of-four ratio)

D) Invasive haemodynamic monitoring with arterial line

A) Pulmonary embolism; patients with a BMI over 40 kg/m²

B) Chemical pneumonitis progressing to ARDS; patients with a full stomach or impaired laryngeal reflexes

C) Lobar pneumonia; patients over 70 years of age

D) Pleural effusion; patients with oesophageal varices

A) A rise in end-tidal CO₂ on the capnograph

B) Increasing respiratory rate if the patient is breathing spontaneously

C) Colour change of the CO₂ absorbent indicator from white to violet

D) A fall in SpO₂ below 94%

A) Hypovolaemia from surgical haemorrhage and tension pneumothorax

B) Hyperthermia and toxins from volatile agent metabolism

C) Hypernatraemia and thrombosis

D) Hypothyroidism and tracheal obstruction

A) Administration of prophylactic phenytoin to prevent post-anoxic seizures

B) Targeted temperature management (TTM) maintaining core temperature at 32–36°C for 24 hours

C) Immediate transfer to MRI for diffusion-weighted imaging of cerebral ischaemia

D) High-dose corticosteroid therapy to reduce cerebral oedema

A) A fibreoptic bronchoscope set up and ready for use

B) Surgical airway equipment including a scalpel, tracheal hook, and appropriately sized cuffed tube

C) A rigid bronchoscope in case of foreign body aspiration

D) An inhalational induction circuit with sevoflurane in case IV access is lost