Macule

Papule

Nodule

Vesicle

Increased melanin production

Thicker dermis

Higher surface-area-to-body-weight ratio

Lower density of hair follicles

Psoriasis

Vitiligo

Lichen planus

Atopic dermatitis

Dermoscopic examination

Excisional biopsy

Wood lamp examination

Patch testing

Macule

Plaque

Wheal

Patch

Erythema toxicum neonatorum

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis

Neonatal herpes simplex

Staphylococcal pustulosis

Eosinophils

Multinucleated giant cells

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Epidermolysis bullosa

Lamellar ichthyosis

Harlequin ichthyosis

Psoriasis

Oral antifungal therapy

High-potency topical corticosteroid

Skin biopsy

Emollient application and gentle scale removal

Skin biopsy

Cranial ultrasound

Full blood count and peripheral smear

Liver function tests

Flexural lichenification

Facial and extensor distribution

Palmar hyperlinearity

Nummular plaques on the trunk

Eczema herpeticum

Impetigo

Varicella

Bullous pemphigoid

HLA-DR4 polymorphism

IL-4 receptor mutation

CARD15 mutation

Filaggrin gene (FLG) loss-of-function mutation

Eczema herpeticum

Allergic contact dermatitis

Secondary bacterial infection

Fungal superinfection

Daily topical corticosteroid application

Frequent emollient application

Antihistamine therapy

Wet wrap therapy

Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity

Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity

Type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity

Type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity

Irritant nappy dermatitis

Candidal nappy dermatitis

Psoriasis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Skin prick testing

Serum specific IgE levels

Patch testing

Skin biopsy

Staphylococcus aureus

Candida albicans

Group A Streptococcus

Herpes simplex virus

Acute urticaria

Urticarial vasculitis

Physical urticaria

Chronic spontaneous urticaria

Guttate psoriasis

Pityriasis rosea

Secondary syphilis

Viral exanthem

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Candidal nappy dermatitis

Infantile psoriasis

Zinc deficiency dermatitis

Beau lines

Nail pitting

Koilonychia

Splinter haemorrhages

Oral methotrexate

Narrowband UVB phototherapy

Oral ciclosporin

Topical corticosteroid and calcipotriol combination

Coeliac disease

Type 1 diabetes

Obesity and metabolic syndrome

Thyroid disease

Oral amoxicillin

Topical mupirocin

Oral flucloxacillin

Topical hydrocortisone

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Scarlet fever

Kawasaki disease

Basal layer

Spinous layer

Dermoepidermal junction

Granular layer

Staphylococcus aureus

Candida albicans

Group A Streptococcus

Enterobius vermicularis

Acute rheumatic fever

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Erythema nodosum

Reactive arthritis

Oral aciclovir

Topical mupirocin

Watchful waiting

Immediate surgical excision

Coxsackievirus A16

Herpes simplex virus type 1

Varicella-zoster virus

Parvovirus B19

Fordyce spots, confirming herpangina

Koplik spots, confirming measles

Epstein pearls, confirming roseola

Aphthous ulcers, confirming hand foot and mouth disease

Parvovirus B19

Measles virus

Rubella virus

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

Splenic sequestration crisis

Parvovirus B19 transient aplastic crisis

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Iron deficiency exacerbation

Scalp abscess

Dissecting cellulitis

Kerion

Alopecia areata

Topical agents cannot penetrate the hair follicle adequately

The fungal infection is exclusively intracellular

Topical agents cause excessive scalp irritation

The infection is always caused by resistant dermatophytes

Trichophyton tonsurans

Microsporum canis

Epidermophyton floccosum

Malassezia species

Nummular eczema

Tinea corporis

Granuloma annulare

Pityriasis rosea

Dermatophytid (id) reaction

Secondary bacterial infection

Drug eruption from antifungal therapy

Concurrent hand eczema

Atopic dermatitis

Scabies

Hand foot and mouth disease

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Post-scabetic hypersensitivity reaction

Treatment failure requiring retreatment

Allergic reaction to permethrin

Concurrent tinea infection

Strongyloides stercoralis

Dermatophyte infection

Sarcoptes scabiei

Ancylostoma braziliense

Lindane lotion

Crotamiton cream

Permethrin 5% cream

Benzyl benzoate

Presence of nits more than 2 cm from the scalp

Scalp excoriations alone

Live lice or viable nits within 1 cm of the scalp

Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

Oral tetracycline

Topical clindamycin alone

Oral isotretinoin

Topical retinoid (adapalene)

Staphylococcus epidermidis

Cutibacterium acnes

Malassezia furfur

Demodex folliculorum

Teratogenicity and mandatory pregnancy prevention

Photosensitivity risk

Risk of weight gain

Need for annual eye examinations

Neonatal acne

Miliaria

Infantile acne

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Folliculitis

Lichen spinulosus

Keratosis pilaris

Papular eczema

Vitiligo

Pityriasis alba

Tinea versicolor

Nevus depigmentosus

Urgent skin biopsy

MRI of the spine

Referral to child protection team

Document in the medical record and reassure parents

McCune-Albright syndrome

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Legius syndrome

Tuberous sclerosis

Autoimmune vitiligo

Recurrent bacterial infections

Melanoma development

Psoriasis

Vitiligo

Tinea faciei

Pityriasis alba

Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation from eczema

Infantile haemangioma

Port-wine stain

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma

Pyogenic granuloma

Neurofibromatosis type 1

PHACE syndrome

Tuberous sclerosis

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Systemic corticosteroids

Oral propranolol

Interferon alfa

Vincristine

This requires urgent laser treatment

This is a port-wine stain that will darken over time

This is a salmon patch that will likely fade in the first 1-2 years

This indicates an underlying vascular malformation

PHACE syndrome

Sturge-Weber syndrome

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

Maffucci syndrome

Alopecia areata

Tinea capitis

Trichotillomania

Telogen effluvium

Alopecia areata

Tinea capitis

Traction alopecia

Trichotillomania

Alopecia areata

Telogen effluvium

Iron deficiency alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia

Psoriatic nail dystrophy

Onychomycosis

Trachyonychia

Lichen planus of the nails

KOH preparation and fungal culture of nail clippings

Wood lamp examination

Complete blood count

Patch testing

Renal failure

Coronary artery aneurysms

Hepatic necrosis

Pulmonary embolism

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Meningococcal septicaemia

IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

Child abuse

Tuberous sclerosis complex

Neurofibromatosis type 1

Vitiligo

Piebaldism

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Polyarteritis nodosa

Scleroderma

Juvenile dermatomyositis

Psoriasis

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Atopic dermatitis

Zinc deficiency

Mild (low) potency

Moderate potency

Potent (high) potency

Super-potent (very high) potency

Faster onset of action

Lower cost

Better antimicrobial properties

No risk of skin atrophy

Body surface area percentage

Fingertip unit (FTU)

Millilitres per kilogram

Palm surface area

Infliximab

Secukinumab

Dupilumab

Rituximab

Full blood count, liver function, and renal function

Echocardiography and ECG

Bone density scan

Pulmonary function tests only